Spinning hemp and other



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MAcnINnnrnon HncKmNeen r-nnPnnINenNn SPINNING anni AND o'rnnn MATERIALS: i

Spectteaton ofLettersflatent 1\To `3,452 dated February 2.8, 1844'.

To all whom t may concern; i Be it known that lI,`VILL1AM MoN'reolvL--.`

Env, ofiBoston,-in the county of Snlelkwand Stateof Massachusetts,` have inventednew;

and usefu.1 Improvements in fMach-ineryfor Preparing. and Spinning i Hemp i other Fibrous Materials, `and that the ,following description, taken; in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, hereinafter 1 referred'` to, forms a full Landi exact specificationof` the `same,wherein I `hafveset forth the natnre and principles of my said improvements,` by which i my invention ina-y be distinguished from others fora similarpurpose, together. withl such parts or combinations asl claim and desire to have secured to Ine by Letters Patent. l l

. The `iigures `et the accompanying platesI of, drawings represent my improvements.`

`Figure l, isaplan `of my rnachine. `Fig@ elevation ofithe opposite side.` Fig 4, is a longitudinal"vertical1 section taken .in they plane ofl the linen Bj, Fig. l, and Fig.` i5 `is a transverse verticalfsection l taken fin the; plane of theline C D Fig-l. .i i

`Myiiniproved` machinery belongs to that' class of inventionsyfor spinning hemp, te.,y which form or twist thestrand directly fromi the wide sliver and supersedesorne con; siderableportion of the :usual preparative process or preliminary hecklinsg `which has commonly been necessary. Machinesof-the above class, which have heretofore been devisedhave been arranged with a `series `of heckling drums,or with an endless leather belt having suitable heckling pins, and. proper weightsl above or upon the hemp, toiV keep it on, Orrin` connection with the pins. Such contrivances it will be seen operate in. such away as to strain and frequently brealcy the fiber of the hemp, and `the power-ree quired for workingV or driving such machin-` ery is frequently very great. i

My improved apparatuseffectually heckles the hemp or separates and straightens the bers` without breaking them, while `the manner of holding the sliver effects a great r saving of `power over the machinesabove` mentioned. l e i j `C C C C C, y&e.,..in the several figures, represent the `main `framework on which `the` several moving parts arelsupported or have; their bearings. i l i o .1.

DD, D D', are two supportingbars, or

supplementary portions oftheframework,`

ywihichare connecteolto the main framework C. GC Quiche., on eachside so asto he capable `which have suitablefslotsiF, F,IF, iF, and `con-lining screws G, Gf Gr, working inthe fsa-Ine! inthe usual way as showninFigsJQ, 3.

The `.rheinmerel feature Omy imprevernents consists in having low the sliver of heinp a series of traversing "Mgll bars (so-called) ,having any number `of l. heckling i pins l lxed in theni, I to i that by drawing the `sliver through the teeth 1of such barsI sol arranged with a more rapid motion than that with whichthe said barsand pins move, the iberstareetfectually separatedboth above and beand straightened. -The upper `set of gill `bars arerepresentedat a, a, a, @,fa, &c.,and

ere Shaped as seenin Egeln; @thehkj 2, is: an Velevation of one side. Fig. `3, 1s an `1 inerme by 5,1 leeieapreperly iXed eeeh ef there, and rleieetng free-theme11@ a `direction perpendicular to one oftheftaces ofthe saine as `shown iniFigsA `and 5, The

ljournalsof .the gill bars restiand" `(w-hen: requisite but with considerable -fric- 4ition) inproper bearings or holes in the icon neetingbars-c, c, c, c,` 0,810., which connect the links d, d, do, d ,o-tc., vo :t-the twolenldless chain-belts c fdc `c/I,.&c., c al` c ,Z,&c. These chain `belts-are stretched around the `shafts f @,jf, arranged at any proper'` distance apart asshownin Figs. l,` and: t, and the wheels g,-g, Fg, `g on the said shafts have suitable` teeth, which engage with the `spaces in the links d d, &c., lof the chain belts in the 'ordi-i nary` way toinsure thel proper lnovementj of lthe saidbelts `and parts connected to the; same. The journals ofthe shafts en f have lproper bearings in the adjustable blocks `or fboresA 71 7L, lah, Figs. 2, 3," which are screwed to the supporting' bars D D DlD before mentioned by screws z' which `work `in the slots la f7:: Za le); thetightening or proper "stretching `ofthe chainbeltsfit will be seen `may be easily effected by this mechanical arrangement. On one Vend of each of the `gill bars a, a, a, &c. there is aguiding button j, 1y', jwhich slides alongl on the upper sur- `faces of-thelledges m m an formed on the *inside ofthe supporting bars D D, D D, as shown iin Figs. 1,4, 5, which ledges may be formed into i grooves if` requisite for the Vmore perfectfguiding of thegill-bars. The lnotionsof the shafts e and chain `belts c, d, c, &c. c, cl, 0, &c., carry the gill bars along mostly in a rectilinear direction (as will Areadily be understood), excepting where they turn around the said shafts, and the pins ofthe gill bars when they are traversing on the upper side of, or above the shafts e 7V project upward, while those moving beneath or on the underside of said shafts project downward as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, so that they may engage with the fibers of the hemp as the sliver is drawn through them as hereinbefore suggested. rlhe gill-bars move along with the chain belts without turning in their bearings in the connecting bars c, c, c, excepting at the points or places where the teeth of the same are to leave the sliver of hemp, where .instead of turning around with the chain belts they are caused to turn sufficiently in their bearings to retain or keep the heckling pins b, b, &c. in a vertical position, so that they ma leave the sliver easily, and not break the fibers of the same which would be done if they did not turn as specified. To eect this turning a projecting stud 0, 0, is formed on one journal of each of the gill bars, on the exterior of the chain belt as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 8, 4, 5. These studs when the teeth or pins of any gill-bar are about leaving the hemp come in contact with or bear against an inclined plane p, or other suit-able stop arranged on the inside of the framework as shown in Figs. 1, and 4, which arrangement causes the journals of the gill bars to turn sufficiently to keep the pins vertical when they leave the sliver as herein above suggested. The lower set of gill bars, before mentioned are arranged substantially in a similar manner to those hereinabove described, the pins which project upward engaging with or passing through the bottom of the sliver, in the same way as the pins of the upper set of gill-bars, which project downward pass through the top of the said sliver. The lower gill bars are designated by the letters g, g, g, g, and the heckling pins of the same by the letters r, r, r, 1", to distinguish them from the similar parts in the other set. The other parts of the mechanical arrangement of the lower set of gill bars, Sac., are designated by the same letters as those by which the similar parts of the upper set are denoted. The adjustable blocks or boxes for the lower shafts e f are connected to the main framework C, C, C, and the ledges or grooves m m, n n are formed on the inside of the same in the same manner as the similar parts of the upper set are connected to the supporting bars D D, D D. The teeth of the two sets of gill-bars7 are arranged, so that those of one set shall pass through the spaces between those of the other, and the points of one set come nea-r to the larger ends of the other, or to the faces of the gill bars, in which they are placed.

The'feed rollers s, s, are arranged at the rear of the machine in the usual way in slots in the upright standards t, t, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. The sliver of hemp to be twisted into a strand, is passed between the rollers and between the upper and lower sets of gill-bars asv shown by the blue line in Fig. 4. being drawn through the teeth of the same, at a rate about-ten times as fast as the said pins move by which means the fibers become properly separated and straightened before passing to the compressing or pinch rollers u, fa, of the spinning apparatus which form the sliver into a roving.

The spinning machinery represented in the drawings is of the most ordinary kind, it being shown only to explain the application of my improvements to the same, and it will be evident that any of the most approved kinds of spinning apparatus may be used with the heckling machinery herein above described.

The journals of the roller u rest and turn in proper bearings in the levers w w, which may be weighted in the usual way, and which have their fulcra in the upright standards fr, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 8, 4. The journals of the lower roller e have proper bearings in the frame C C C. The flier a a and spindle b are arranged as seen in Figs. 1, 2 3, 4, and need not be particularly described as they embrace no novelties. They are driven by a band c c which passes from a pulley d on one end of the spindle to a pulley e on 'the longitudinal shaft f Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. This shaft is driven by a beveled gear wheel g on one end of it the teeth of which engage with thoseof a beveled gear wheel 7i on the driving shaft i which driving shaft has a pulley or drum 7c to which the power may be applied.

The chain belts c d c, &c.,-c CZ c &c., and c, with the gill bars a a, g g, and c., are driven or moved by the following arrangement of pulleys cogged wheels Sac. A band Z Z passes fromthe pulley m (Figsl, and 2) on the driving shaft c" to a pulley n on the short shaft 0 which shaft has proper bearings in the framework C C. A cogged pinion p shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2, on the shaft 0 engages with a geared wheel s on one end or journal O of the shaft of the'lower pinch roller /v of the spinning apparatus as shown in Fig. 2. A pinion t on the other end of said shaft turns a cogged wheel u on a short shaft m Fig. 3, and another cogged pinion e (shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3) on the same shaft m engages with a cogged wheel fw on one end of the lower shaft e, and turns said shaft and the chain belts working with or on the same. A cogged wheel g on the lower shaft e, but on the endopposite to that on which the wheel p the upper shaft e and turns the same and moves thereby the upper set of chain belts.

My machinery is peculiarly adapted to spin hemp having short fibers, as the heck ling pins may be brought almost in direct Contact with the compressing or roving rollers of the spinning' apparatus, which cannot be done where heckling drums are used or,

where lifters (so called) are required to disengage the hemp from pins inserted in an endless leather belt. In spinning short fibers more heckling pins are necessary, and arrangements are made for this purpose as will be perceived by inspection of Fig. t, the extra holes in the chain belts represented at y y y, &c., being for the insertion or accommodation of more gill bars, having pins as usual. In this case also the upper and lower sets of gill-bars, heckling pins Sac. must be brought nearer together which is accomplished by lowering the adjustable supporting bars D D', D D', to which the upper set is connected, as

' hereinbefore described. The power required for driving my machinery, above described, is so small, that two or more fliers may be combined with the heckling machinery, by merely making the latter wide enough to heckle two or more slivers of hemp. The

friction or wear of the bers by the heckling pins, as the sliver passes through them, will be less by my plan than by any of the others, above mentioned as heretofore described.

Having thus described my improvements I shall now proceed to specify such parts `and combinations as I consider or believe to be new and claim as my invention.

I claiml The combination of a projecting stud on one end of each of the gill-bars with a stationary inclined plane or other suitable bearing stop, attached to the inside of the framework, which combination causes the gill bars to turn so `much in their bearings in the chain belts, as to make the heckling pins `leave the sliver vertically, and without breaking the fibers of the hemp, the whole being as hereinabove set forth.

In testimony that the foregoing is a true description of my Vsaid invention and improvements I have hereto set my signature this seventeenth day of October in the year eighteen hundred and forty three.

WILLIAM MONTGOMERY. `Witnesses CHARLES F. SMITH, EZRA LINCOLN, Jr.

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